ukuDingiswa nokuBuyela kwelaKubo
ukudingiswa nokubuyela kwelakuboNgonyaka wamakhulu ayisikhombisa namashumi amabili nambili phambi kwale nkathi esiphila kuyo [722 ph.Khr.] iSamariya lanqotshwa ngabaseAsirya. Umphakathi wasembusweni osenyakatho kwelakwaIzrayeli wathunjwelwa ekudingisweni; awuphindanga wabuya lapho.
Abaphrofethi bexwayisa
ElakwaJuda nekomkhulu lalo, iJerusalema, lasinda olakeni lwabaseAsirya. Sazizwa siphephile isizwe, sesithi akasoze oPhezukonke alokothe ayekelele umuzi wakhe ongcwele uwele ezandleni zezitha. Senqaba-ke isizwe ukulalela izexwayiso zabaphrofethi.
Lwaphinda ulaka
AbaseBhabhiloni babanqoba abaseAsirya, kwathi ngonyaka wamakhulu ayisithupha neshumi nambili phambi kwale nkathi esiphila kuyo [612 ph.Khr.] babephuca nekomkhulu labo, iNinive. Kwathi abaseGibhithe bethi bazokwelekelela abaseAsirya, bashaywa behlulwa nabo ngaseKharkhemishi. Ngonyaka wamakhulu ayisithupha nane ngaphambi kwale nkathi esiphila kuyo [604 ph.Khr.] elaseSirya nezifundazwe eziseningizimu zanqotshwa zashaqwa ngabaseBhabhiloni. ElaseBhabhiloni lase liyingozi kwabakwaJuda. ElakwaJuda kwafanele likhokhe intela manje; uNebukhedineza wathatha abaningi njengesibambiso, wabasa eBhabhiloni.
Inkosi uJoyakhimu wazidela amathambo, wakhetha ukuxabana nombuso waseBhabhiloni. Wajunywa ukufa engakafiki eJerusalema amabutho aseBhabhiloni. Bawuzungeza abaseBhabhiloni umuzi waseJerusalema ngonyaka wamakhulu amahlanu namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesikhombisa [597 ph.Khr.], inkosi entsha uJoyakhini nezakhamuzi eziningi ezaziswayo babanjwa, baqhutshwa bayodingiselwa kwelaseBhabhiloni.
Ukubhidlizwa kweJerusalema
Eminyakeni eyishumi emva kwalokho – ngonyaka wamakhulu amahlanu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili nesishiyagalombili phambi kwale nkathi esiphila kuyo [588 ph.Khr.] – aphinda ahlasela amabutho aseBhabhiloni eJerusalema. Inkosi uZedekhiya, umbusi wabakwaJuda, wayekade ekhethé ukumelana nombuso wakwelaseBhabhiloni. Kulokhu-ke kwavalwa ngehlahla, kwasala kukhala ibhungane eJerusalema. Ithempeli laphundlwa bonke ubukhazikhazi elalikade linabo, labhidlizwa, inxiwa lasala lishunqa intuthu. Izidumbu zazingaqedwa; abasindayo baqhutshwa bayodingiswa kwelaseBhabhiloni.
Ithé isivele-ke leyo nhlekelele, abaphrofethi base bebambelela ethembeni linye-nje: OPhezukonke isizwe sakhe usijezisela iziphambeko zaso, usasithanda nòma kunjalo. Ukudingiswa akuyikuba ukuphela kwendaba – siyobuye sidedelwe ukubuyela ekhaya isizwe.
Impilo eBhabhiloni
Emva kokuxozonyiswa yimpi nokudilizelwa imizi yabo kanye nokuhlupheka beqhutshwa ibanga lamakhilomitha angaphezu kwenkulungwane namashumi amabili [1200 km], abaningi kwababedingisiwe bayithola yemukemukeleka impela-nje impilo kwelaseBhabhiloni. AbakwaJuda bahlelwa, bangeniswa emizini, emadolobhaneni nakomkhulu laseBhabhiloni, bahlaliswa khona. Sengathi babevunyelwe nokuthi baziphilele ngokwenqubo nangokwamasiko akwelakubo, bazikhonzele bazidumisele ngenqubo yakwelakubo. Abaningi babo baqala-ke ukuzizwa bephatheké kahle kwelaseBhabhiloni, ababebesabanaso isifiso sokuphindela kwelakwaJuda nòma kwakungake kuphinde kwenzeke kukwazeke.
Imvume yokubuyela kwelakubo
Kwathi uma umbusi wakwelasePhereshiya, uKhirosi, ewunqoba umuzi waseBhabhiloni ngonyaka wamakhulu amahlanu namashumi amathathu nesishiyagalolunye phambi kwale nkathi esiphila kuyo [539 ph.Khr.], kwaba ukuwa kwawo-ke lokho umbuso wakwelaseBhabhiloni. Umbusi omusha wathatha ngonyawo olusha; bonke abezizwe ababekade bethunjelwe kulelo, bavunyelwa ukubuyela emakubo.
Ngonyaka wamakhulu amahlanu namashumi amathathu nesishiyagalombili phambi kwale nkathi esiphila kuyo [538 ph.Khr.] uKhirosi washaya umthetho ovumela abakwaJuda ukuthi babuyele eJerusalema, nethempeli balakhe kabusha; wababuyisela nemihlobiso yobukhazikhazi eyayikade iphangwé nguNebukhedineza ethempelini.
Isizwe sikaSmakade
Akusibo bonke abakwaJuda ababesenesifiso sokubuyela kwelakubo. Kulabo-ke nokho okungathi babesabambelele kokwakukade kumenyezelwa ngabaphrofethi, bekholelwa ezethembisweni zoPhezukonke, kwaba khona abalithakasela ithuba lokukwazi ukubuyela kwelakubo, balungene udledle oluqondé ekhaya emva kokuba sekwedlule iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu kuya kwengamashumi ayisithupha bengenathempeli, bengasakhonzi ngokwenqubo yasethempelini.
Babekade sebazijwayeza-ke nokho ukuthi badamane beqoqana ngazigungwana, bafunde, bafundisane umbhalo ngoMthetho kaSmakade. Sengathi nenqubo yezinkonzo nemihlangano esinagogeni [ezinkundleni/endlini yomhlangano] yaqala ngalezi zikhathi besekudingisweni. Babekelana nemithetho eyayiyokwelekelela ukuthi isizwe sikwazi ukubambelela emiyalelweni kaSmakade sikwelabezizwe.
Kuqalwa kabusha
Okusemqoka ngokubona kwababebuya ekudingisweni, kwakunguwukwakha kabusha ithempeli. Izinkinga zazingaqedwa. Kwakusafanele kuqalwe kuvuselelwe imizi – kwakhiwe kabusha amakhaya; babengathandekisisi ababuya ekudingisweni kulaba abezizwe abasebekade bezakhele kuleli. Kwedlula iminyaka elishumi nanhlanu ingaqhubeki imizamo yokwakha kabusha ithempeli, okwaze kwasuka abaphrofethi oHagayi noZakhariya basigqugqumezela isizwe ukuthi siqhubeke.
Zithunywé ngumbusi wakwelasePhereshiya, uArthaxerxesi wokuQala, kwafika izikhulu ezimbili eJerusalema, oEzra noNehemiya. UEzra, owayeyisethenjwa senkosi yakwelakubo kweziphathelene noMthetho kwelakwaJuda, wafika ehambisana neqembu lesibili lababuya ekudingisweni. Intshisekelo yakhe ngeziphathelene noMthetho yakhuthaza ukuvuseleleka kwezokholo. UNehemiya wayejutshwé wagunyazwa ngumbusi wakwelakubo ukuthi ayogqugqumezela ukwakhiwa kabusha nokuvuselelwa kothango lomuzi eJerusalema, awuvuselele umuzi, kuphilwe futhi. Kwabelekelela lokho ababebuya ekudingisweni ukuthi belulame, bazizwe sebeyisizwe futhi.
Umtapo: Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia 2. Auflage; Die Lexikon-Bibel. ISBN 3-438-01653-2 ikhasi 863-864; https://www.biblia-zuluensis.de/ezisematheni/273-abakwelasebhabhiloni/
© Ben Khumalo-Seegelken, http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/