abakwelasePhereshiya
elasePhereshiya ezikhathini eziphambili 539 ph.Khr.AbakwelasePhereshiya kwakuyisizwe esingomahambanendlwana esasisuké eningizimu nelaseRashiya saze sagcina sizinzé e-Irani (ePhereshiya). Safika sazakhela empumalanga nogu loLwandle lwasePhereshiya, esifundazweni nanamuhla lokhu esaziwa ngokuthi kuseFarzistan. Umbusi wokuqala wabakwelasePhereshiya okuxoxwa ngaye emlandweni nguKhirosi wokuQala. Wayebusa phambidlana nangemuvana kowamakhulu ayisithupha namashumi amane phambi kwale nkathi esiphila kuyo [640 ph. Khr.]
uKhirosi oMkhulu
Ekunqotshweni kwelaseBhabhiloni nguKhirosi wesiBili, uKhirosi oMkhulu – owayengumzukulu kaKhirosi wokuQala -, kuzwakala okokuqala ngabakwelasePhereshiya emlandeweni oqoshwé ebhaybhelini.
Ngowamakhulu amahlanu namashumi amahlanu phambi kwale nkathi esiphila kuyo [550 ph.Khr.] uKhirosi wesiBili wayesewunqobile, wawuphanga umuzi waseEkbatana, ikomkhulu lombuso wamaMeda, usuphansi kwakhe. Wasuka lapho wanqoba ngasentshonalanga isifundazwe namuhla esesiyizwe laseThweki [Turkey], wedlulela empumalanga, waze wema ngelaseNdiya. Ngowamakhulu amahlanu namashumi amane wayeseqhubeké kangangokuba wayesengalokotha ahlasele umbuso owawesatshwa kakhulu wakwelaseBhabhiloni.
Ukunqotshwa kweBhabhiloni
IBhabhiloni lawela ezandleni zakhe-nje ngowamakhulu amahlanu namashumi amathathu nesishiyagalolunye phambi kwale nkathi esiphila kuyo [539 ph.Khr.] kungalwiwe! AbakwelasePhereshiya babekade bewugudlulile umfula ngokuwumbela, ugelezele kude, bangena ngomgudu womfula bezihambela ngezinyawo-nje emzini waseBhabhiloni.
Uhlelo olusha kwezombusazwe
AbaseAsirya nabaseBhabhiloni babekade bejwayele ukuzixosha bayozihlalisa kwenye indawo izizwe abazinqobayo kulwiwa. UKhirosi wakuguqula-ke lokho; wabavumela ababedingisiwe ukuthi baphindele emakubo. Ngizo nemifanekiso nezithixo zakubo ezazikade zithunjelwé kwelaseBhabhiloni, wababuyisela zona.
Ngokunjalo-ke bavunyelwa nabakwaJuda ngowamakhulu amahlanu namashumi amathathu nesishiyagalombili phambi kwale nkathi esiphila kuyo [538 ph.Khr.] ukuthi baphindele kwelakubo, balivuselele nethempeli. Umcebo nobukhazikhazi basethempelini uNebukhedneza ayekade ebuphangile, wababuyisela, baphindela nawo emuva.
Umbuso wakwelasePhereshiya
Izincwadi „uEzra“, „uNehemiya“, „uEsta“ kanye nengxenye yencwadi „uDanyela“ zixoxa kabanzi ngezehlakalo ngezikhathi sombusi uKhirosi nabalandela emva kwakhe. Ababusi bakwelasePhereshiya bawandisa, bawunweba umbuso wakubo weqa yonke imingcele yemibuso emikhulu eyake yaba khona ngaphambi kowabo. Ngokuyela empumalanga umbuso wabo wawuhamba uze ushaye kwelaseNdiya, entshonalanga uliphethe lonke elaseMpumalanga-emaPhakathi nelaseGibhithe imbala.
Inkosi uDariyusi wokuQala [522-486 ph.Khr.] waphemba umuzi wasePherzepholisa, ikomkhulu lombuso wakhe. Ngowamakhulu amahlanu neshumi nantathu phambi kwale nkathi esiphila kuyo [513 ph.Khr.] wanqoba isifundazwe saseMasedoniya esisenyakatho kwelamaGrikhi. Owamlandela esihlalweni sobukhosi, uXerxesi wokuQala (486-465 ph.Khr.) waqhubeka waze wafika eAthena, wanqothwa-ke nokho ibambene olwandle ngaseSalamizi.
Nòma kwakuyaye kube nezinxushunxushu – ikakhulukazi eGibhithe naseMpumalanga-emaPhakathi – umbuso wakwelasePhereshiya wema iminyaka engamakhulu amabili gulukunqu. Ngowamakhulu amathathu namashumi amathathu nantathu phambi kwale nkathi esiphila kuyo [333 ph.Khr.] uAlekzanda omKhulu wanqamula ulwandle iHellesponti kwathi eminyakeni emibadlwana-nje kwase kubusa amaGrikhi kuwo wonke la mazwe eyesewazuzile, ayekade ephansi kombuso wakwelasePhereshiya ngaphambili.
Kubuswa ngenhlakanipho
AbasePhereshiya bakwazi ukubusa nezizwe ezikude ngenxa yenhlakanipho ababephatha nababebusa ngayo. UKhirosi omKhulu walidabula izwe, wadala izifundazwe. Leso naleso sasinenduna, okwakuthiwa yiSathrapha, eyayingeyendlu yababusi kwelamaPhereshiya namaMeda. Phansi kwenduna kwakunomabhalane nabalawuli bakuleso sizwe ababegunyazwé ukuqhuba ngokubona kwabo. Izizwe ngokwehlukana kwazo zazivumelekile ukuphila nokuqhuba ngezindlela nangamasiko ngangenkolo nenkonzo ngokwakubo. Lokho kwenza ukuthi ukubuswa ngamaPhereshiya kungezwakali kuwumthwalo kulezo zizwe.
UDariyusi wokuQala [Bheka: uEzra 6] wayiqhubeza wayilolongisisa indlela okwakubuswa ngayo. Wasungula, ngaphezu kokuningi okunye, iposi ukuze kukwazeke ukuthubelezisa ngokushesha izaziso nemibiko kulo lonke elikhulukazi lombuso wakhe. Ukuthuthukisa ubumbwano emphakathini wakhuphula ulwimi lwesiAramu lwaba ngoluphambili kwezisetshenziswa kwezombusazwe. OlwesiAramu kwakululwimi olwalulokhu lwalwaziwa, lusetshenziswa nangasezikhathini zombuso wamaAsirya, lukhulunywa ngisho nasemajukujukwini kude le. „Zikhulumele-nje sona isiAramu lesi uma ukhuluma nathi. Siyasizwa!“ kusho izinceku zenkosi uHizikhiya kumanxusa ombuso waseAsirya (2 AmaKhosi 18,26).
Ubuciko nobuchwepheshe
Ubukhulu bombuso baletha ukunethezeka. Ubuciko nekhono ekwakheni nasekuqopheni kwachuma kakhulu. Incwadi „uEsta“ isibikela kahle kakhulu ngobuhle nobukhazikhazi emabaleni komkhulu kwelasePhereshiya. Emanxiweni omuzi wasePherzepholisa nowasePhasargadeya kubonakala ngokucacile ukunethezeka okwakukhona kuleyomizikazi. Izindimbane zezitsha nezinkezo zokuphaka nezokudla zegolide – umCebo kaOksusi njengesibonelo – zifakazisa ngokugculisayo ngobuhle nobukhazikhazi kanye nobuciko nobuchwepheshe bangalezo zikhathi.
Umtapo: Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia 2. Auflage; Die Lexikon-Bibel. ISBN 3-438-01653-2 ikhasi 926-927; https://www.biblia-zuluensis.de/ezisematheni/284-uhezekhiya/
© Ben Khumalo-Seegelken, http://www.benkhumalo-seegelken.de/