ITHESTAMENTE ELIDALA

18.02.2014
Kuyasetshenzwa 2010 Kuyasetshenzwa 2010

IBhaybheli yinqolobane yezincwadi ezimiqulu mibili: kufike kube ngezefindo lokuqala lesivumelwano sokholo (ithestamente elidala) bese kuba ngezefindo lesibili lesivumelwano sokholo (ithestamente elisha).

Izincwadi zethestamente elidala (TD) zaziwa ngabantu bokholo lobuJuda nabokholo lobuKhristu njengesisekelo nensika yokholo lwabo. Ababhali balezi zincwadi kwakungabantu uNkulunkulu ayeziveza ngabo esintwini nababengumlomo wesizwe sakuto kwaIzrayeli wokudumisa nokubonga ngentshisekelo nanesandla seNkosi.

Abenkolo yobuJuda nabeyobuKhristu bathatha ngokuthi uMoya oNgcwele yiwona sisusa sogqozi lokuloba le mithandazo nemizekeliso nezigigaba nemibono namahubo aqukethwe kulezi zincwadi.

Leli khethelo lezincwadi lisetshenziswa njengebalazwe nomthombo wemvuselelo empilweni yamakholwa nasemizamweni yokwakha nokuvuselela iBandla. NoJesu nabafundi bakhe babewufunda, bezama – njengabo bonke abanye besizwe sakubo ngaleso sikhathi – ukuphila ngawo `uMbhalo oNgcwele´ ababewuthatha ngokuthi uyizwi likaNkulunkulu.

AmaJuda awehlukanisa kanje amaqembu ezincwadi zeBhaybheli lawo (ithestamente elidala):

  • imibhalo yomthetho (ngesiHebheru „thora“) esezincwadini uGenesisi, uEksodusi, uLevithikhusi, uNumeri noDutheronomi eziyaye zisiselwe uMozi kuthiwe zalotshwa nguye noma kwaziwa ukuthi eqinisweni akunjalo;
  • imibhalo yabaphrofethi – abasemandulo (oJoshwa, abeHluleli, uSamweli namaKhosi) nabamuva (oIzaya, noJeremiya, noHezekhiya nencwadi yabaphrofethi abancane abayishumi nambili oAmose noMikha noZefaniya nabanye);
  • nemibhalo exubile (amaHubo, uJobe, iZaga, uRuthi, isiLilo, isiHlabelelo sezihlabelelo, umShumayeli, uEsta, uDanyela, uEzra, uNehemiya neziKhronike).

Ngenxa yokuthi izincwadi ezithile namuhla esezicanwe kabili (uSamweli, amaKhosi, uEzra-Nehemiya neziKhronike) zazincwadi-nye, kanti nencwadi yabaphrofethi abancane abayishumi nambili („Duodekapropheton“) kwakusemqulu-munye, elabenkolo yobuJuda ibhaybheli laliqukethe nje-ke ezingamashumi amabili nambili (22) izincwadi ezahlukene.

Muva nje-ke ebhaybhelini lenkolo yobuKhristu sezicanwa-ke lezi zincwadi. Yikho nje-ke sekuthiwa zingamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalolunye (39). Abafundi bezenkolo bazibiza ngokuthi ngezekhethelo eliphambili (ngesiGrikhi „protos kanon“). Leli khethelo-ke laselikhona onyakeni wekhulu emva kokuzalwa kukaJesu (100 AD).

Abenkolo yobuJuda ababeqube eGibhithe ngalozo zikhathi babekhuluma, bekhonza ngolwimi lwesiGriki, nelawo-ke ibhaybheli laselahunyushelwa esiGrikini kwakudala. Abafundi bezenkolo balibiza ngokuthi yiSebthwaginta (= „Septuaginta“) okungukuthi „ngamashumi ayisikhombisa“, ngokulandela umlando othi zazingamashumi ayisikhombisa izikhuthali ezalihumusha ezinsukwini ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa lelo bhaybheli zilisusa kolwesiHebheru, zilifaka kolwesiGriki.

Leli bhaybheli lesiGrikhi laliqukethe nezinye nje-ke izincwadi ezingekho kwelomsuka elingesiHebheru – izincwadi amaJuda ayeqube kwelezizwe ayezemukela ngokuthi nazo ziyingxenye yoMbhalo oNgcwele. NeBandla labakholwa ngobuKhristu elavela emva kwalokho lavumelana ngokuthi lezi zincwadi mazemukeleke enqolobaneni yebhaybheli njengekhethelo lesibili (nesiGrikhi: „deuteros kanon“); yilezi-ke:

  • yincwadi kaThobiyase (kaThobi),
  • nguJudithi,
  • amaMakhabheya okuqala nawesibili,
  • nguBhaluki,
  • yiNhlakanipho
  • kanye nencwadi kaSilahi (kaSirakhi)
  • bese kwenazezelwa ngezahluko ezimbalwa encwadini kaDanyela nakwekaEsta.

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